Loss and Damage in COPs
Over the last five COPs, loss and damage has gained visibility. COP25–26 focused on technical support through the Warsaw International Mechanism and the Santiago Network, but finance remained limited. COP27 was a breakthrough with the agreement to create a Loss and Damage Fund, though details on contributions and disbursement were unresolved. COP28–29 included pledges and broader climate finance goals, but binding commitments and sufficient funding for vulnerable countries are still lacking.
Satisfaction (I would rate 2):
While progress has been made in recognizing loss and damage, implementation and financing are insufficient relative to the urgent needs of vulnerable nations. Without clear commitments from wealthy countries, climate justice and the scale of support required remain unaddressed.