Case study comparison between Philippines and Ethiopia
A closely comparable problem in Ethiopia is Land degradation and flooding in highland watersheds (Tigray, Amhara, Oromia)
The problem is that in many Ethiopian highland areas:
Deforestation and overgrazing removes vegetation, Heavy seasonal rains cause soil erosion and flash floods. These erosion cause farms to lose fertile soil which leads to low yields and poverty.
Downstream communities also face flooding and sedimentation
Women and children also travel farther for water and fuelwood.
These problems are directly worsened by climate change.
As solutions, Ethiopia uses:
Terracing, Hillside closures (exclosures),Tree planting & assisted natural regeneration and
Community-based land management
For example, the Tigray watershed restoration program adressed severely degraded areas in the 1980s–90s (famine era). Communities organized to protect hillsides from grazing,
Vegetation regenerated naturally, Groundwater levels rose, Springs reappeared,Crop yields improved and Flooding reduced.
In Ethiopia, many programs explicitly involve women’s groups (nurseries, fuel-efficient stoves, income generation), schools (tree planting, environmental education), Local councils & elders, NGOs and faith institutions,Cash-for-work or food-for-work programs.