In Pakistan
Climate-related hazards such as floods, heatwaves, droughts, and glacial lake outburst floods are increasingly common, and climate change has intensified their frequency and severity. The most affected areas include riverine floodplains along the Indus Basin and northern mountainous regions such as Gilgit-Baltistan. Rural and low-income communities, especially farmers and coastal or mountain populations, are most vulnerable due to their dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods and limited resources. Like mangrove restoration in the Philippines, local communities in Pakistan use traditional coping methods such as water conservation, crop diversification, and community-based disaster preparedness. However, these efforts are often constrained by weak institutional support. Government bodies and NGOs provide early warning systems, relief assistance, and adaptation projects, but support remains uneven and insufficient compared to the scale of risk.