Comparing the Philippines’ mangrove restoration case to my own country, the primary similarity is the use of nature-based solutions like coastal wetlands to mitigate storm surge and erosion from intensifying tropical cyclones, which climate change has made more frequent and severe. The key difference, however, is in scale and community involvement. While community-led efforts exist here, they are often fragmented and lack the same level of integrated government-NGO support seen in the Philippines. Vulnerable low-income coastal communities are still the most affected, but our adaptation responses are frequently more reliant on engineered defenses (seawalls) rather than widespread, participatory ecological restoration.
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