Satkhira: natural systems exposed, and any non-climatic factors that increase vulnerability.
In Satkhira, coastal ecosystems are highly exposed to salinity intrusion, cyclones, and tidal flooding, which damage mangroves, fisheries, and agricultural lands. Rising sea levels worsen natural system stress, but non-climatic factors amplify vulnerability. Poor embankment maintenance, shrimp farming expansion, and deforestation of mangroves reduce natural resilience. Socio-economic pressures—poverty, limited livelihood options, and inadequate infrastructure—force communities to settle in hazard-prone zones. Weak governance and lack of disaster preparedness further heighten risks. Thus, Satkhira’s vulnerability arises not only from climate-driven hazards but also from human activities and structural weaknesses that erode adaptive capacity.