COP Outcomes on Loss and Damage (Last Five COPs)
Over the last five COPs, progress on loss and damage has been slow yet meaningful. Earlier COPs primarily focused on dialogue, such as the Santiago Network, which aimed to provide technical support but was hindered by a lack of funding. A significant breakthrough occurred at COP27 when countries agreed to establish a Loss and Damage Fund, recognizing the needs of vulnerable nations. COP28 played a crucial role in operationalizing the fund and securing initial pledges; however, the amounts pledged fell significantly short of the actual needs. More recent COPs have continued discussions on governance and access, with ongoing debates about responsibility, equity, and the scale of financing required.
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