Drought as a Climate Change Impact in Eastern Rwanda: The Case of Kayonza District
Drought is one of the most serious climate change impacts affecting communities in Eastern Rwanda, particularly in Kayonza District. In recent years, rainfall patterns have become highly unpredictable, with long dry seasons and delayed rains. What used to be occasional dry periods are now happening more frequently, showing clear signs of climate change at the local level.
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in Kayonza, and most farmers depend on rain fed farming. Prolonged droughts lead to poor crop yields and complete crop failure, especially for maize, beans, and bananas. Livestock also suffer due to lack of pasture and water, which increases food insecurity and household poverty across the district.
Water scarcity is another major challenge. Rivers, wetlands, and boreholes dry up or produce less water during long dry periods. As a result, women and children often walk long distances to fetch water, which affects school attendance, health, and overall wellbeing. Limited water availability can also create tension among community members.
The economic and social impacts of drought are severe. Reduced agricultural production lowers household income, making it difficult for families to pay school fees, access healthcare, and meet basic needs. Some young people are forced to migrate to urban areas in search of work, which puts additional pressure on towns and cities.
Despite these challenges, communities in Kayonza are trying to adapt. Farmers are adopting small scale irrigation, rainwater harvesting, drought tolerant crops, and soil conservation practices such as mulching and terracing. Support from the government and development partners has helped, but more investment in climate smart agriculture and water management is still needed.
Drought in Kayonza District clearly shows how global climate change has direct and serious local impacts. Strengthening community resilience through sustainable water use, improved farming practices, and climate awareness is essential to protect livelihoods.