Over the last 5 COPs, key milestones on loss and damage include:
COP25 (2019): Established the Santiago Network to connect vulnerable countries with technical assistance.
COP26 (2021): The Glasgow Dialogue was launched to discuss funding arrangements, but no new finance was agreed.
COP27 (2022): Historic agreement to establish a Loss and Damage Fund, a major political breakthrough.
COP28 (2023): The Fund was operationalized, with initial pledges totaling around $700 million (e.g., UAE $100M, EU $245M).
COP29 (2024): Focused on scaling and sustaining the Fund, with ongoing debates over predictable, grant-based finance and inclusion of non-economic losses.
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