COP Outcomes – Loss and Damage
Key Points from the Last 5 COPs:
COP23–COP26: Gradual recognition of loss and damage (L&D) as a distinct pillar; work under the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) focused on knowledge sharing and technical support, but financial commitments remained limited.
COP27: Historic establishment of the Loss and Damage Fund to support vulnerable countries; initial pledges made, but funding is insufficient and operational guidelines are still under development.
Assessment:
Rating: 2 – Dissatisfied
Reasoning: While L&D is increasingly recognized, financial support, inclusion of non-economic losses, and operational clarity remain inadequate. Developing countries continue to face high climate risks with insufficient resources and delayed action, highlighting ongoing gaps in climate justice and equity.