Loss and damage in COP
Over the last five COPs, “loss and damage” advanced from recognition to partial operationalization. COP26 acknowledged the issue but offered no dedicated fund. COP27 marked a breakthrough with agreement to establish a Loss and Damage Fund. COP28 (Dubai) operationalized the fund, though pledges totaled under $700 million—far below needs. COP29 emphasized scaling finance, with civil society urging billions annually. Ongoing debates persist over governance, scale, and equitable access.
Satisfaction (Rating 3): Progress is notable, but funding remains inadequate and debates unresolved. A mid-level rating reflects partial success but unmet expectations.
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