1: Most effective climate policy:
The Paris Agreement has been effective because it encourages all countries to participate through nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and promotes global cooperation and climate finance.
2: Policy that struggled:
Some drought resilience and reforestation programs in Somalia struggled due to insecurity, weak institutions, lack of funding, and limited technical capacity.
3: Are current international frameworks sufficient?
Not fully. Current frameworks are important, but many countries are still not reducing emissions fast enough, and climate finance for vulnerable countries remains insufficient.
4: How political, economic, and social factors influence policies:
Political instability, poverty, conflict, and weak governance can delay implementation, while public awareness and international support can improve success.
Lessons from Bangladesh for Somalia and other Global South countries:
Bangladesh shows the importance of having national climate plans, dedicated climate funds, community participation, and long-term adaptation strategies.
New policy approaches to bridge the gap:
Countries should strengthen local governance, improve climate financing access, invest in renewable energy and drought resilience, and increase cooperation between governments, communities, and international partners.