ACCESS4ALL Group

One of the most effective climate policies in the Global South has been Bangladesh’s BCCSAP and BCCTF, which combine adaptation, mitigation, and dedicated domestic financing, with success driven by strong national ownership, community engagement, and clear implementation frameworks. In contrast, some international agreements, like the Kyoto Protocol’s second commitment period, struggled due to limited participation by major emitters and weak enforcement, highlighting barriers such as political disagreements and resource constraints. Current frameworks like the Paris Agreement provide inclusive guidance but are insufficient alone to meet global climate goals, as voluntary targets and uneven capacities limit impact. Political will, economic resources, and social factors such as public awareness and community involvement strongly influence policy effectiveness. Bangladesh’s experience shows that integrating local knowledge, ensuring domestic funding, and engaging communities can strengthen resilience in the Global South. New approaches, such as linking policies with accessible finance, technology transfer, and participatory monitoring, could help bridge the policy action gap.