The paris agreement has been relatively effective due to its flexible, inclusive NDC approach, which encourages global participation. In contrast, the Kyoto protocol later phases struggled because major emitters did not participate, weakening its impact.
Current frameworks are essential but insufficient to meet the 1.5°C target. Political commitment, economic resources, and social factors strongly influence policy success.
Bangladesh’s policies show the value of prioritizing adaptation and using domestic financing — an important lesson for the Global South.
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